The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.